4111c3acf1
- Add guides: quick-start, installation, configuration, grower, consumer, transport, vertical-farm - Add API references: REST, demand, vertical-farming - Add concepts: blockchain, seasonal-planning, carbon-footprint - Add architecture: data-flow, transport-tracking - Add vertical-farming: environmental-control, automation, integration - Add examples: seed-to-harvest, demand-driven-planting, vertical-farm-setup Completes Agent_5 documentation tasks from AGENT_REPORT.md
436 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
436 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
# Automation Systems
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Automating vertical farm operations for efficiency and consistency.
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## Automation Levels
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### Manual Operation
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```
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Human → Observe → Decide → Act → Monitor
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Pros: Low cost, flexible
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Cons: Labor intensive, inconsistent, human error
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Best for: Small hobbyist operations
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```
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### Semi-Automated
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```
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Sensors → Alert → Human Decision → Automated Action
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Pros: Reduced labor, consistent execution
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Cons: Still requires monitoring, delayed response
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Best for: Small-medium commercial operations
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```
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### Fully Automated
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```
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Sensors → Controller → Algorithm → Action → Verify
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Pros: 24/7 operation, optimal control, data-driven
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Cons: High upfront cost, requires expertise
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Best for: Commercial production facilities
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```
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## Control System Architecture
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```
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┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ AUTOMATION ARCHITECTURE │
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├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
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│ │
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│ LAYER 4: BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE │
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│ ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
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│ │ Analytics │ Forecasting │ Optimization │ Reporting │ │
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│ └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
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│ │ │
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│ LAYER 3: SUPERVISORY CONTROL │
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│ ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
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│ │ Recipe Management │ Scheduling │ Alarm Management │ │
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│ └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
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│ │ │
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│ LAYER 2: ZONE CONTROLLERS │
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│ ┌────────────┐ ┌────────────┐ ┌────────────┐ ┌────────────┐ │
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│ │ Zone A │ │ Zone B │ │ Zone C │ │ Zone D │ │
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│ │ Controller │ │ Controller │ │ Controller │ │ Controller │ │
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│ └────────────┘ └────────────┘ └────────────┘ └────────────┘ │
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│ │ │
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│ LAYER 1: FIELD DEVICES │
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│ ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
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│ │ Sensors │ Actuators │ Valves │ Pumps │ Lights │ HVAC │ │
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│ └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
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│ │
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└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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## Automated Systems
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### Lighting Automation
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```typescript
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interface LightingAutomation {
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// Photoperiod control
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schedule: {
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onTime: string; // "06:00"
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offTime: string; // "22:00"
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rampUp: number; // minutes to full brightness
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rampDown: number; // minutes to off
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};
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// Intensity control
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intensity: {
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mode: 'fixed' | 'dli_target' | 'adaptive';
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targetDLI?: number;
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maxPPFD: number;
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};
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// Spectrum control (tunable LEDs)
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spectrum: {
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vegetative: { blue: 30, red: 60, farRed: 10 };
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flowering: { blue: 20, red: 70, farRed: 10 };
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auto_switch_day?: number; // Day to switch
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};
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}
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```
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### Irrigation Automation
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```typescript
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interface IrrigationAutomation {
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// Timing-based
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schedule: {
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intervalsPerDay: number;
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duration: number; // seconds
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times: string[]; // ["06:00", "12:00", "18:00"]
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};
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// Sensor-based triggers
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triggers: {
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minMoisturePercent?: number; // Start irrigation below this
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maxMoisturePercent?: number; // Stop irrigation above this
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ecThreshold?: number; // Flush if EC too high
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};
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// Flow control
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flowRate: number; // L/min
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maxDuration: number; // Safety limit
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}
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```
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### Nutrient Dosing Automation
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```typescript
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interface DosingAutomation {
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targetEC: number;
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targetPH: number;
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// PID control parameters
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ec_pid: { kp: 0.5, ki: 0.1, kd: 0.05 };
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ph_pid: { kp: 0.3, ki: 0.05, kd: 0.02 };
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// Dosing limits
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maxDoseML: number; // Per adjustment
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minDoseInterval: number; // Seconds between doses
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mixTime: number; // Seconds to wait after dosing
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// Stock solution mappings
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ecUp: string[]; // ["nutrient_a", "nutrient_b"]
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ecDown: string[]; // ["fresh_water"]
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phUp: string; // "ph_up"
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phDown: string; // "ph_down"
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}
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```
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### Climate Automation
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```typescript
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interface ClimateAutomation {
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// Temperature control
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cooling: {
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stage1_offset: 1; // First stage at target + 1°C
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stage2_offset: 2;
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stage3_offset: 3;
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};
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heating: {
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stage1_offset: -1;
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stage2_offset: -2;
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};
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// Humidity control
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humidify_below: number;
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dehumidify_above: number;
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// CO2 control
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co2: {
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inject_below: number;
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stop_above: number;
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only_when_lights_on: boolean;
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};
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// Ventilation
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ventilation: {
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outdoor_temp_min: number; // Don't vent if too cold
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outdoor_temp_max: number; // Don't vent if too hot
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humidity_threshold: number;
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};
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}
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```
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## Recipe-Driven Automation
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### How Recipes Control Automation
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```
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Recipe Definition
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│
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▼
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┌─────────────────┐
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│ Current Day │ ─────────→ Stage Lookup
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│ of Crop Batch │
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└─────────────────┘
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│
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▼
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┌─────────────────┐
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│ Stage Settings │
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│ - Temperature │
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│ - Humidity │
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│ - Light PPFD │
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│ - Light hours │
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│ - EC target │
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│ - pH target │
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│ - CO2 level │
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└────────┬────────┘
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│
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┌────────────┴────────────┐
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▼ ▼
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┌──────────────┐ ┌──────────────┐
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│ Update Zone │ │ Update Zone │
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│ Setpoints │ │ Light Schedule│
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└──────────────┘ └──────────────┘
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│ │
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▼ ▼
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Controllers adjust Light timers
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to new targets updated
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```
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### Stage Transition Automation
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```typescript
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function updateBatchStage(batch: CropBatch): void {
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const recipe = getRecipe(batch.recipeId);
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const currentDay = calculateDay(batch.plantingDate);
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// Find current stage
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const stage = recipe.stages.find(s =>
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currentDay >= s.daysStart && currentDay <= s.daysEnd
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);
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if (stage && stage.name !== batch.currentStage) {
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// Stage has changed!
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batch.currentStage = stage.name;
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// Update zone setpoints
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updateZoneTargets(batch.zoneId, stage);
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// Trigger any stage actions
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executeStageActions(batch, stage, currentDay);
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// Log transition
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logEvent('stage_transition', batch.id, stage.name);
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}
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}
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```
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## Robotics Integration
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### Seeding Automation
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```
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┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ SEEDING AUTOMATION │
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├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
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│ │
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│ 1. Tray Loading │
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│ Robot arm places empty trays on conveyor │
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│ │
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│ 2. Media Filling │
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│ Automated hopper fills trays with growing media │
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│ │
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│ 3. Seed Placement │
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│ Precision seeder places seeds at correct spacing │
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│ Vision system verifies placement │
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│ │
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│ 4. Cover/Press │
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│ Automated press firms seeds into media │
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│ Vermiculite cover applied │
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│ │
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│ 5. Labeling │
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│ QR code applied linking to blockchain record │
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│ │
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│ 6. Transport │
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│ Automated cart moves to germination zone │
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│ │
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└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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### Transplanting Automation
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```typescript
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interface TransplantRobot {
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type: 'robotic_arm' | 'gantry' | 'mobile';
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capabilities: {
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seedlingsPerHour: number;
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success_rate: number; // 95%+
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plant_spacing_accuracy: number; // ±2mm
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};
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integration: {
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vision_system: boolean; // For plant detection
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force_feedback: boolean; // Gentle handling
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api_endpoint: string; // LocalGreenChain integration
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};
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}
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```
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### Harvesting Automation
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| Crop Type | Automation Method | Speed | Accuracy |
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|-----------|-------------------|-------|----------|
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| Microgreens | Blade cut | Fast | High |
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| Lettuce | Root cut + vacuum | Medium | High |
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| Basil | Selective picking | Slow | Medium |
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| Tomatoes | Vision + gripper | Slow | High |
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## Scheduling System
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### Batch Scheduling
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```typescript
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interface BatchScheduler {
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// Calculate optimal start dates
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calculatePlantingDate(
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recipe: GrowingRecipe,
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targetHarvestDate: Date,
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zoneAvailability: ZoneCalendar
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): Date;
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// Optimize zone utilization
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optimizeZoneAssignment(
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batches: CropBatch[],
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zones: GrowingZone[]
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): Assignment[];
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// Handle conflicts
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resolveConflicts(
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pending: CropBatch[],
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capacity: number
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): Resolution;
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}
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```
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### Maintenance Scheduling
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```typescript
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const maintenanceSchedule = {
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daily: [
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{ task: 'sensor_check', duration: 15 },
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{ task: 'visual_inspection', duration: 30 }
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],
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weekly: [
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{ task: 'calibrate_ph', duration: 30 },
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{ task: 'calibrate_ec', duration: 30 },
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{ task: 'filter_check', duration: 15 }
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],
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monthly: [
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{ task: 'deep_clean', duration: 240 },
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{ task: 'sensor_calibration', duration: 60 },
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{ task: 'equipment_service', duration: 120 }
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]
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};
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```
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## Data-Driven Optimization
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### Machine Learning Integration
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```
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Historical Data
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│
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├── Environmental readings
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├── Crop performance
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├── Energy usage
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└── Yield data
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│
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▼
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┌─────────────────────┐
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│ ML Models │
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│ │
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│ - Yield prediction │
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│ - Recipe optimization│
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│ - Anomaly detection │
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│ - Energy optimization│
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└─────────────────────┘
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│
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▼
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┌─────────────────────┐
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│ Recommendations │
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│ │
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│ - Adjust setpoints │
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│ - Modify recipes │
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│ - Predict issues │
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└─────────────────────┘
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```
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### Optimization Targets
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| Metric | Optimization Method |
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|--------|---------------------|
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| Yield | Adjust PPFD, DLI, nutrients |
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| Quality | Fine-tune environment |
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| Energy | Shift operations off-peak |
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| Water | Optimize irrigation timing |
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| Labor | Batch scheduling |
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## API Integration
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### LocalGreenChain Integration
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```typescript
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// Automation system reports to LocalGreenChain
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async function reportEnvironment(
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batchId: string,
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readings: EnvironmentReading
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): Promise<void> {
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await fetch('/api/vertical-farm/batch/{batchId}/environment', {
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method: 'PUT',
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body: JSON.stringify(readings)
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});
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}
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// Automation receives commands from LocalGreenChain
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async function fetchSetpoints(zoneId: string): Promise<Setpoints> {
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const response = await fetch(`/api/vertical-farm/zone/${zoneId}/setpoints`);
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return response.json();
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}
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```
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## Best Practices
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### Reliability
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1. **Redundancy** - Backup sensors, dual pumps
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2. **Fail-safes** - Default to safe state on failure
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3. **Monitoring** - 24/7 alerting
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4. **Testing** - Regular system tests
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5. **Documentation** - Keep procedures updated
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### Security
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1. **Access control** - Role-based permissions
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2. **Audit logging** - Track all changes
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3. **Network security** - Segmented OT network
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4. **Updates** - Regular firmware patches
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5. **Backups** - Configuration backups
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